The Development of E-Content to Increase Students' Problem-Solving Accuracy on Cryptarithmetic Tasks Through Dual-Process Interaction

Abstract

E-content that delivers learning materials in a massive, inclusive, and interactive manner with flexible access is widely favored by students, including learning applications related to cryptarithmetic and its problem-solving tasks. Learning cryptarithmetic can stimulate students’ problem-solving accuracy. Therefore, this study aimed to develop EKOSISTEM (Cryptarithmetic-Based Fun-Problem E-Content) to enhance students’ problem-solving accuracy through dual-process interaction. The development of EKOSISTEM followed the Plomp development model. The instruments developed included the EKOSISTEM media, a rubric for dual-process interaction indicators, observation sheets, validation sheets, semi-structured interview guidelines, and an interview recording device. The results showed that the EKOSISTEM learning media was found to be valid, practical, and effective for use in the learning process. The validation results yielded an average score of 93% (very valid) from Validator 1 and 82.8% (valid) from Validator 2. The practicality test indicated positive responses, with scores of 65.42% from students and 85.71% from teachers, categorized from practical to very practical. The effectiveness test showed a significant difference in students' problem-solving accuracy before and after the use of EKOSISTEM, as indicated by the Wilcoxon test result (Sig. = .014 < .05). Furthermore, the effect size analysis yielded an r value of .48, which falls within the interval  .30 ≤ r< .50. Therefore, EKOSISTEM has a medium effect on improving students' problem-solving accuracy. Accordingly, the EKOSISTEM media is considered valid, feasible, and effective in improving students’ problem-solving accuracy.